Cell Organelles

VACUOLES - NUCLEUS - MITOCHONDRIA - CHLOROPLASTS - GOLGI BODIES - ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)



-vacuoles in animal cell might contain air, liquid or food particleds found in the cytoplasm. these vacuoles are small and numerous. it is large and occupies a large part of a plant cell. thevacuole usually reduces the cytoplasm to a thin lining. in every plant cell, there is usually a central vacuole filled with cell sap.

- cell sap is a liquid containing dissolved substances such as sugar and salt. the cell sap keeps the cell firm by taking in water (either by active transport or osmosis). if the cell sap loses its water, the cell will wilt.

- the nucleus controls all the chemical reactions which takes place in the cell, hence it is known as the "control centre". chromosomes are found in the nucleus.

- chromosomes are thread-like substances that store chemical instructions to build the cell, control its functions and determine its structure. chromosomes are passed down from 1 generation to another. they are responsible for inherited characteristics in the next generation.

When metabolism takes place, there is energy.

- mitochondria stores information. ther more active the cell, the more mitochondria there is.

- chloroplasts are disc-like structures containing a green substance called chlorophyll. the chlorophyll absorbs energy from the sun and makes food.

- the Golgi body is a series of tubes with double membranes. the chemical the cell produces will be passed through the Golgi body and at the end, it will be "pinched off" to form a vesicle. vesicles that contain enzymes are called lysosomes.

- endoplasmic reticulum (ER) -> smooth ER has no ribosomes, while the rough ER has ribosomes.

Most cells have special functions. They do not usually exist without a reason.

Cells = tissues = organs
BUT
Cells not = organs
LOL.